Evaluating Code Quality
How to assess if a codebase is worth your time.
Quick Assessment
Architecture
- Clear separation of concerns
- Modules are cohesive
- Dependencies are minimal
- No massive catch-all files
Testing
| Metric | Healthy | Unhealthy |
|---|---|---|
| Test Coverage | 80%+ | Less than 50% |
| CI Failures | Rare, fixed quickly | Frequent |
| Test Organization | Clear test structure | Tests everywhere |
Documentation
- Function comments explain why, not what
- README explains architecture
- Inline docs for complex algorithms
- ADRs for major decisions
Code Style
Green Flags:
✓ Consistent style across codebase
✓ Linters/formatters configured
✓ Style guide documented
✓ CI checks code style
Red Flags:
✗ Inconsistent naming
✗ No linters
✗ Chaotic formatting
✗ No style enforcementQuick Assessment (15 minutes)
Step 1: Check Test Coverage (3 minutes)
Go to: GitHub repo → Click "code"
Look for:
- /tests folder (exists?)
- test_*.py or *.test.js files (many?)
- .github/workflows or .circleci (CI configured?)
Signs of good testing:
- Tests folder is as large as source folder
- Recent test additions (not neglected)
- CI runs tests on every PR
Signs of bad testing:
- Few/no test files
- Tests folder is tiny
- CI doesn't check testsStep 2: Read 3 Recently Merged PRs (5 minutes)
Go to: Pull Requests → Merged
Pick 3 random merged PRs from last month:
For each PR:
1. Read the description
Good: "Fixes #123. Changes X because Y."
Bad: "Fix bug" (no detail)
2. Look at code changes
Good: Clear changes, easy to understand
Bad: Huge file, 500+ line diffs
3. Check reviews
Good: Reviewers asked questions, suggested improvements
Bad: No reviews or "LGTM" only
Score each PR:
Good description + Good code + Good reviews = Healthy projectStep 3: Check Documentation (3 minutes)
Look for:
- README explains what project does? ✓
- Architecture.md or docs/ folder? ✓
- CONTRIBUTING.md with setup steps? ✓
- Code comments on complex logic? ✓
Missing docs = Harder to contribute
Lots of docs = Community values onboardingStep 4: Run the Code (4 minutes)
From the README:
1. Clone project
2. Follow setup steps
3. Try to run it
Did it work first try? ✓ Good sign
Did you hit errors? ⚠️ Either docs are incomplete
or environment is fragile
If it works:
- Try to understand one code section
- Find function names (are they meaningful?)
- Check: Is code readable?
Readable code = Easier to learn and contributeDetailed Code Quality Scoring
Score each area on 1-5:
ARCHITECTURE (How organized is the code?)
1 - "Everything in one file"
2 - "Files exist but no clear organization"
3 - "Some separation, mostly clear"
4 - "Well-organized, clear modules"
5 - "Excellent structure, easy to navigate"
TESTING (How thoroughly tested?)
1 - "No tests or under 20% coverage"
2 - "Some tests, ~40% coverage"
3 - "Decent tests, ~70% coverage"
4 - "Good tests, ~85% coverage"
5 - "Excellent tests, >90% coverage"
DOCUMENTATION (How well explained?)
1 - "Almost no docs"
2 - "Minimal docs, hard to understand"
3 - "Basic docs, covers main concepts"
4 - "Good docs, easy to understand"
5 - "Excellent docs, every part explained"
CODE STYLE (How consistent and clean?)
1 - "No linting, messy"
2 - "Some linting, inconsistent"
3 - "Decent style, mostly consistent"
4 - "Good style, well-formatted"
5 - "Excellent, auto-formatted"
TOTAL SCORE:
4-6: Red flag - Don't contribute here
7-12: Caution - Okay, but could be better
13-18: Good - Solid project, worth learning
19-22: Excellent - Great place to contribute
23-25: Outstanding - Top-tier codebaseReal Examples
Example 1: Good Project
Architecture: ✓ (4)
- /src: core code
- /tests: test files
- /docs: documentation
- /config: configuration
Clear separation of concerns
Testing: ✓ (4)
- 82% code coverage
- Tests run on every PR
- Integration tests exist
- Most functions have tests
Documentation: ✓ (4)
- Clear README
- Architecture.md explains design
- Functions have docstrings
- CONTRIBUTING guide exists
Code Style: ✓ (5)
- ESLint configured (auto-format)
- Prettier on all commits
- No style inconsistencies
- CI checks code quality
SCORE: 17/20 - Great place to contribute
Verdict: Yes, contribute hereExample 2: Problematic Project
Architecture: ✗ (2)
- No clear folder structure
- Thousands of files in /src
- Hard to find anything
Testing: ✗ (1)
- 5% code coverage
- No tests on most code
- Tests haven't run in 6 months
Documentation: ✗ (1)
- README just says "It's a project"
- No architecture docs
- No code comments
Code Style: ✗ (1)
- No linter
- Inconsistent naming
- Different indentation throughout
SCORE: 5/20 - Problematic project
Verdict: Avoid this one (unless you like pain)Code Quality Red Flags
| Flag | What It Means | Impact |
|---|---|---|
| No tests | Project doesn't validate code | Code breaks easily |
| No docs | Hard to understand | Wasted time learning |
| Huge files | Poor organization | Hard to navigate |
| No architecture | No clear design | Changes break things |
| Ignored issues | Maintainers don't care | PRs ignored too |
| No linter | Code quality not monitored | Inconsistent code |
Green Flags (Look For These)
| Flag | What It Means | Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| >80% coverage | Code is thoroughly tested | Safe to change |
| Clear docs | Easy to understand | Faster learning |
| Organized | Clear folder structure | Easy to navigate |
| Consistent style | Formatter configured | No style conflicts |
| Recent updates | Actively maintained | Worth your time |
| Good reviews | Mentors care | You'll learn more |
Spend 30 minutes assessing code quality. Avoid bad projects early.
Red Flags
- "This is a quick hack"
- Repeated code (no DRY)
- No error handling
- Massive functions (>200 lines)
- No comments on complex logic
Quality matters because you'll be reading this code for months. Invest time in evaluating it.